Practical report in molecular biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Viable report in sub-atomic science - Essay Example DNAs that are set up along these lines may then be dissected by a technique called gel electrophoresis. This includes the utilization of electric flows to encourage the detachment of straight DNA particles through a gel support, for the most part comprising of the polymer agarose or polyacrylamide. These polymers structure a sub-atomic strainer that license the DNA to go through at a rate that is around contrarily relative to the log of the sub-atomic load as estimated in kilobase sets (Kb). The current starts the development of DNA from the site of utilization to the emphatically charged cathode as the adversely charged phosphate bunches in the DNA atom are attracted to the cathode by electrostatic fascination. On the off chance that DNA parts of Known atomic weight are electrophoresed at the same time thre sub-atomic load of the DNA sections created by limitation compound processing might be discovered by contrasting their pace of versatility and that of the measures of known sub-a tomic weight. This is generally determined by setting up a diagram speaking to the log of the sub-atomic load of DNA norms versus the deliberate separation voyaged sea shore band in millimeters (mm). The separations of the obscure sections is estimated and their sub-atomic loads are dictated by finding the position these deliberate separations are situated on the diagram. Limitation catalyst processing of DNA followed by gel electrophoresis is an ordinarily utilized strategy for getting ready DNA maps and deciding the atomic loads of obscure DNA tests. The DNA utilized in this trial convention was gotten by refined microbes (E.coli) that contain plasmid DNA. Two sorts of plasmids were set up from E.coli, assigned plasmid X and Y. After the plasmid DNA was separated from the bacterial cells, it was then processed with limitation compounds, which are equipped for making twofold abandoned cuts in DNA atoms at explicit

Breastfeeding and Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 47

Breastfeeding and Population - Assignment Example The mother additionally loses the assurance against the advancement of ovarian and bosom malignant growth that breastfeeding can give, in a later life. Latest investigations have represented bosom and ovarian disease as the best populace burdens to the female populace. There are various systems, which are utilized to urge moms to breastfeed their youngsters. For instance, lactation amenorrhea, which identifies with normal baby blues ripeness that happens when a lady isn't discharging, is one of the techniques utilized to urge moms to breastfeed their infants. Through this, breastfeeding is viewed as a populace control method where ladies, in the immature nations, are extensively encouraged to breastfeed for a half year only, by their legislature and other non-administrative associations. Most moms likewise have various fantasies related with pregnancy particularly in the provincial settings. For instance, breastfeeding can't be depended upon to forestall pregnancy, which clearly isn't the situation in light of the fact that different logical examinations and trials have demonstrated this without a doubt valid. Moms, in this way, are constantly encouraged to breastfeed their kids solely through certain precise models to give impeccable outcomes. In some high-salary nations, similar to Australia, ladies don't only breastfeed newborn children for the necessary time of a half year as specified by the World Health Organization. Much of the time, they will in general incline toward an early steady presentation of different types of nourishment like the newborn child equations because of employment pre-occupation consequently no time for the infant.

Consumerism

Consumerism I’m the pack of lies that keeps you ‘safe.’ I’m the thoughts you’re ashamed to share. Im the crushing feeling you feel inside. Im the memory you cant get out of your head. Im the lust, the empty desire. Im the fear, the greed. Im the Black Friday. Im the impulse, the hurry-up-and-buy, the just-one-more. I’m the high that fades past the checkout line. I’m the sound of money flowing down the drain. I am consumerism. Give me a chanceâ€"I promise you won’t be satisfied. Essay inspired by David Grays Nemesis.

Influence Of Family Culture And Their Influence On Family,...

Research has shown that a person is shaped by the influence of their family, their culture, and their environment. As far as I could remember my parents have always been there for me, always by my side cheering me on. I am lucky to have such wonderful parents because if it weren’t for their influence, I would not be the person that I am today. My father had a rough childhood growing up in New York. His family was poor and my grandmother was not very supportive, yet despite his living conditions, my father has always persevered. He dedicated his time to reading, studying and learning which he continues to do to this day. It is his perseverance that has inspired me to be a hard worker. Every time I get stuck on a problem or am having trouble figuring something out I always rely on my dad to help me out. Though I might complain at time I still stay on track and focus on my work which shows that I will keep on going no matter how difficult the challenge may be. My father has also taught me to never give up no matter what the situation may be. If he could study while living in a rundown dingy apartment (I am assuming since my father never really described what the house was like other than that it had a huge roach infestation) then I should have no problem at all in studying in an average living environment. My mother’s situation on the other hand was far different from my father’s. Unlike my father she grew up in decent living conditions. She had her days in which she wouldShow MoreRelatedFamilies Who Relocate Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesMoving from one culture to another can be quite overwhelming for some families. Being use to one way of living can affect how some families adapt to new cultures or social classes. There are numerous influences on families when they are exposed to different environments. The traditions and beliefs people believe in can be affected by the influences of a new environment. Experiencing a new culture has positive and negative influences on families through their beliefs, lifestyles, and living environmentsRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture994 Words   |  4 Pagesis defined as â€Å"the complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birt h.† (Berk, 2014, p. 5) In other words nature links to our biology and nurture is all the other influences. Of course it is never as simple as that, our genetics can influence our behavior and our environment can influence our genetics. Trying to figure out where one influence starts and another begins will keep modern researchers busy for a veryRead MoreSelf Identity Essay998 Words   |  4 Pageseither make up or restrain the self-identity of a person or an individual. Culture, in addition to family traditions, is one of the factors that affect the self-identity of an individual. When growing up, the environment around affect the personality, values, as well as, beliefs of an individual. The environment includes friends, family members, and the people that affect the life of an individual. So, if the environment is negative, then an individual will have low self esteem. Moreover, asRead MoreUrie Bronfenbrenner and his Ecological Systems Theory Essay example1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthat occurs when going from a home/child care atmosphere into a school environment. The Teacher needs to consider the child in its entirety throughout the changeover to scholarly activities. This must include the child’s physical readiness, socio-emotional, and cognitive abilities for learning. It is equally essential to discover ways in which to involve the childrens first and most important teachers, their families. The families have the most information about their childs strengths, weaknessesRead MoreInternal And External Influences That Help Shape Businesses871 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal and external influences which help shape businesses. The NSW government has All business decisions about how and what to produce are affected by the environment in which the business operates. Successful business managers have a good understanding of the environment in wh ich the business operates. This allows them to respond positively to changes that take place and prepare for the impact such changes will have on their business operations. It is through these influences which shapes a business’sRead MoreCultural Identity Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagessaid, â€Å"culture is the process by which a person becomes all that they were created capable of being.† Cultural identity can be expressed through things like family values, ethnicity, and environment. Morals and opinions can be affected by the person’s views on the world and others. One’s culture occasionally informs the way one views others and the world because it can create or change your cultural identity, and develop one’s personal identity, which is illustrated in values and influences, thisRead MoreNature And Nurture s Effect On Behavior1690 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity PSYS 100:002 Hypothesis: The environment a child is raised in has a greater effect on their behavior than the nurture the child receives from their parents. My Initial Hypothesis The influence of one’s environment versus the influence of one’s parents and home life may not seem to be much of importance to the average individual. Prior to learning more about human psychological development, I too was guilty of not seeing the importance behind the influences effecting an individual. Both natureRead Moreshould illegal immigrants be made legal citizens?1035 Words   |  5 Pages A persons family or Family background can help determine one’s identity. Where you come from or who you’re raised by can help determine your identity in society. There are many other things that can help influence your identity, but your family’s background is one of the main ways and this is evident In â€Å"Public and Private Language† by Richard Rodriquez. Depending on what background you’re from your identity will automatically be determined. There are many different factors in this ideaRead MoreThe Macrosystem: From Child to Adult Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper focuses mainly on the macrosystem, examining society, culture, and ecological system. Mental health and community counselors should keep in mind the complex, reciprocal interactions that characterize personal behavior in situations. Macrosystem: Describes the culture in which individuals live. Cultural contexts include developing and industrialized countries, socioeconomic status, poverty, and ethnicity. There have been a number of theories surveyed that are foundational to the professionRead MoreElderly Care: Family and Government Should Work Together Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pages fall sick to diseases like Alzheimer. The responsibility of taking care of them now either fall into the hands of their immediate family, and in some cases extended family and or the government depending on the culture. However, to make for a result oriented care the government and family needs to work together and culture can influence the commitment of family to the care of the elderly. Determining who is old could be difficult sometimes considering some people could still be strong and agile

The Pursuit Of Happiness By Chris Gardner Essay - 1446 Words

The Pursuit of Happiness is a movie about a single African American father named Chris Gardner, who was evicted from his apartment in San Francisco, and him and his son have nowhere to go. Chris is an intern as a stockbroker unfortunately this position pays no money. These two face many challenges together as they live in shelters and face the hardships of life as anything and everything gets thrown their way. However, Chris refuses to give up as he struggles to make a better life for him and his son. According to Macinois (Macionis, 2017), family violence involves â€Å"emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by another† (p. 642). Chris’s wife is being in lack of terms a bitch towards him because he hasn’t sold any of his bone density machines. Once he explained what happened throughout his day she didn’t want to hear what he had to say. She’s been bringing him down ever since he signed himself into the company that doesn’t result in a good paying pay check. She doesn’t show any emotional relation to him they hardly act as a couple let alone seem close. She pays no attention to him she displays emotional abuse towards him by making him feel like he is a worthless father and husband. In reference to Macinois (Macionis, 2017), gender roles involve â€Å"attitudes and activities that society links to each sex† (p. 91). In society, we have gender roles males are usually the tougher and the figures of the family while the mother is the nurturing one. Unfortunately,Show MoreRelatedMba Case Study Chris Gardner Pursuit of Happiness Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesSaur [pic]10SP - MG630 152 Org. Behavior Leader. 21st (Monday) June 21, 2010 The story of Chris Gardner, a man with vision, a role model to his son and a classical example of how a homeless man with a child can exert himself from being poor to become one of the most outstanding man who successes, and go above and beyond what people think of him. In describing Chris Gardner personality traits, I would say it consist of the fact that he very aggressive ambitious and loyal to his son.Read MoreThe Pursuit of Happyness Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesSocial stereotypes and Happiness The Pursuit of Happyness 11/21/2012 Instructor: Prof. Kristin Little Author: Tareq Naseer Alsamarh Social stereotypes and happiness The story of the movie The Pursuit of Happyness directed by Gabriele Muccino portrays a family who struggles with finding enough money to pay taxes and afford living expenses. The movie takes a place in San Francisco during the 80s. The two main characters are the father Chris Gardner and his son Christopher, Will SmithRead MoreThe Pursuit of Happyness854 Words   |  4 PagesIn Pursuit of Happyness With a terrific central performance by Will Smith, this is a well-made, sharply written and ultimately uplifting drama. â€Å"In Pursuit of Happyness† is about setting goals and achieving them. 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The Pursuit of Happyness stresses an individual’s ability to become successful despite seemingly insurmountable odds, while also highlightingRead MoreAn Analysis of The Pursuit of Happiness752 Words   |  3 PagesThe Pursuit of Happyness Abstract Some of the most common themes in contemporary biographical films revolve around social life as well as the accompanying problems that living in todays society entails. By making connections to individual personal lives, these films help most people make sense of the world in which they live. In this regard, this paper focuses on the film, The Pursuit of Happyness outlining various cultural issues as well as problems faced by the starring; Will Smith playingRead MoreThe Psychological perspective of movie The Pursuit of Happiness1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe Psychological perspective of movie The Pursuit of Happiness An amazing movie, The Pursuit of Happiness illustrates through the examples of Chris Gardener s life that anyone has the opportunity to achieve their own pursuit of happiness, if they have self-motivation and determination. Happiness is not something that can be pursued. We already have all the capacity for happiness that we need. Happiness comes from within, and from being content with oneself. People can choose to be happy or chooseRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Happyness Character Analysis874 Words   |  4 Pagesmovie â€Å"The Pursuit of Happyness† there was a lot of life lessons incorporated in the film. One of the things that Chris Gardner told his son, Christopher Dont ever let somebody tell you, you cant do something. Not even me. All right? You got a dream? You gotta protect it. People cant do something themselves, they want to tell you, you cant do it. You want something, go get it. Period. I think that this is really inspirational, and can be used for everyone in any sit uation. Chris Gardner displayedRead MoreMovie Analysis: the Pursuit of Happyness Essays963 Words   |  4 PagesBased on the real life story of Chris Gardner, the Pursuit of Happyness looks at the crests and troughs in Chris life on his way to becoming a stock broker, and eventually as everyone knows, a multi-millionaire. Will Smith played the role of Chris Gardner while Smiths son, Jaden Smith played Gardners 7 or 8-year-old son. At one level, even though the movie is titled The Pursuit of Happyness (deliberately spelt wrong), it is pretty depressing. 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He faces problems when his wife is unwilling to accept his goal to become a stockbroker and leaves him. However, he perseveres even under all this stress. Chris Gardner excels at his stockbroker internship in Dean-Witter, earning the attention and respect from his superiors. However, his

Burial Practices Throughout the Ages Free Essays

Society has always looked for a way to honor its dead. This has been the case since the earliest of times. There are rituals in all populations that mark the various passages each travel through in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Burial Practices Throughout the Ages or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, we mark an individual’s accomplishments in graduating from college, or getting married. It is no different in death. Death is the final passage that civilizations throughout history have found ways to honor. Burials and the ceremonies that commemorate them, offer the survivors an opportunity to pay homage to the life that has been lost. It gives them a chance to celebrate the deceased for accomplishments, life and family. The burial ceremony allows the survivors a chance to mourn, and express their grief to others. The ceremony helps those left behind to heal from the pain of the loss. From the early civilizations to the present, burial rituals have told us a great deal about the social behavior of the population. In most cases, children and elderly were buried just the same as the younger, stronger male. That tells us that the population valued its people and grieved their loss. In the middle and late Iron Age, burial practices reflected a diverse community. In the area that is now Britain, an individual was buried in two separate areas. For instance, there are areas where single bones are buried, as well as locations where the rest of the body is found. During the Iron Age, the breaking down of the human body indicated ritual activities. This was done at death or shortly after with the use of excarnation. Excarnation is allowing the body to be exposed until it reaches the skeleton stage. At that point, the cranium is usually first to separate from the body, followed by the feet and hands. This process will usually involve the chopping of skin, or soft tissue (Redfern, 2008). Once body parts are separated, the secondary burial can be completed. The body processing also included breaking bones to remove joint cartilage. Archeologists have noticed that the bones found in secondary sites usually have cut marks, and fractures (Redfern, 2008). The Neanderthal was different in its method of dealing with the dead. In fact, the Neanderthal buried its dead in a painstaking ritual that occurred in stages with the consumption of the deceased person’s body parts. Nevertheless, the Neanderthal left gifts on the graves of those who died. Statistics indicate that 40 percent of the graves that archeologists have examined have been of the very old or very young. That fact indicates that the civilization valued both its elderly and children (Friedermann, Muller, Hemm, 2008). The burial practices of the pre-pottery Neolithic civilization found individuals buried in shallow graves. Some graves contained only one person while others contained many. Archeologists discovered 21 artifacts related to 15 graves in Atlit-Yam, on the Northern coast of Israel. Most of the items were tools, axes, and other household items. The graves at this site were simple. There were a few secondary burial sites, as some skulls were detached from the body. The burial site was covered with lime plaster on its surface (Galili, Eshed, Goher, Hershkovitz, 2005). In the third millennium burial practices in the Oman peninsula feature tombs circular in shape with un-worked stone that had a single ring around it. The tomb had between two and ten chambers within it. One tomb at the site of Unar 1 was large enough to hold the bodies of 438 people. A smaller tomb found at Unn an-Nar Island only held between 34-48 individuals. Inside of the tombs, archeologists found ceramics, soft-stone objects, bronze, beads and shells. These items and burial method indicates a collective manner of living. There were some cremations discovered in this period as well (Blau, 2001). A burial cave found in the Aleutian Islands dated back to 390 BD. gives a glimpse into the function of the society. Inside the cave were found hearths and work places. Human bones had arranged stones around them. There was an additional stone arrangement at the back of the cave. In front of the cave, in the habitation area, animal bones and artifacts were found. The bodies were in a sarcophagus in wood or stone coffins. There is some discussion among scholars that cave burials may have been just for the better off (West, Lefevre, Corbett, Crockford, 2003). Burial rites in Sophocles’ Athens featured the use of tombs more than cemeteries. The tombs are found along roads or at passageways or gates. Antigone believed that all people are entitled to burial. The words tumbos and herion mean mounds of the land that cover the deceased and mark where the individual is buried. The word, taphos means the tomb. The grave or tomb generally was located in a public location. The idea that the dead should be separated in some way from those living is not a part of the Greek culture. However, late 5th century walls have been found that divide up tombs from one family to another. Monuments always face the street or public square. The Romans of the same era prohibited the burial of any individual within the city. (Patterson, 2006). Murders in this era were executed for their crime. After execution, they were stoned and thrown out of the city without being buried. Suicide victims were buried but not provided a headstone. People of good standing were given ceremonies that featured songs. Then they were placed in a decorated tomb (Patterson, 2006). Heroes and those killed in battle were given a public funeral with games, oration, and sacrifices. Solon devised the rules for burial in Athens. He said the deceased should be laid out within his home. The next day, he would be carried out of the house on the board he was laying on. When they carry the dead out, men will walk in the front of the procession. Women walk behind. In addition, no woman under age 60 could enter the chamber of the dead, or the tomb. (Patterson, 2006). This is quite different from the days of Jesus where women were in charge of caring for the dead. In Medieval times there is a diverse burial rite found in the use of boats with regional and temporal variations found. The Sutton Hoo Mound is a large ship-type grave. Most of the boats used were dugout logboats. Some of the civilizations used boat timbers or boat parts to cover the grave area (Brooks, 2007). Scandinavia is well-known for its adoption of burial by boat. The Swedes and Norwegians practiced boat cremations; however, such is rare in Anglo-Saxon areas. The exception to this is the site at Sutton Hoo Mount three. At that site there is a tree-trunk made like a coffin that was used for cremation (Brooks, 2007). By the time the 18th century came around, most people in England were buried in unmarked graves in a churchyard. The ground was consecrated and the service was performed by an Anglican clergyman. He used the book, â€Å"Book of Common Prayers† for the service. In 1689, however, the idea of personalized funerals and pre-planned ceremonies came into being. The more affluent bought coffins. This lead to the development of the undertaker profession (Gitting, 2007). The very affluent built themselves a mausoleum on their land. The most famous ceremony was for John Knill, the mayor of St. Ives. He established a trust and asked that a ceremony be performed every five years. The ritual featured ten girls, who were under the age of ten. It also featured two widows, the vicar, and mayor and customs officer. All paraded to the mausoleum on top of a hill. The ceremony featured dancing, and singing, â€Å"Old Hundredth, â€Å"All people that on earth do dwell† (Gitting, 2007). Ironically, the ceremony was last completed in 2006. After the American Civil War, the ideal of embalming became popular. Prior to this Americans relied on the European methods establish for the preservation of the body. The use of embalming gave family a chance to look at the person one last time and accept his or her death. Embalming was used after Lincoln’s death to allow him to lie in state for individuals to witness, (Funeral Industry, n. d. ) In conclusion, burial rites of differing civilizations tell us a story of how the people lived, as well as how they died. It explains their values, and speaks to the kind of society they lived within. For example, south of Cairo a 5,000 year old tomb was discovered. Inside of the tomb archeologists found the bones of 10 donkeys. (Burial Site, 2008). This indicates the value this civilization placed on the role of the animals. Therefore, burial rites explain much about ancient civilizations, but also tell us a great deal about ourselves. Although the rituals may have changed, the overall purpose is the same and that is to honor the dead. References Blau, S. (2001). Fragmentary endings: a discussion of 3rd-millennium BC burial practices in the Oman Peninsula. Antiquity, 75, (289), 557 Brooks, S. (2007). Boat-nvets in graves in pre-Viking Kent: Reassessing Anglo-Saxon boat burial traditions. Medieval Archeology, 51, (1), 1-18 Burial site a high honour for a lowly beast. (2008). In Mac lean’s, 121, (16), 55 Friedermann, S. , Muller, S. , Hemm, C. (2008). The Neanderthals. New York, NY: Routledge Publishing Company Funeral Industry. (n. d. ) In Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from, http://wwwdeathreference,con/En-Gh/funeral-industry. htm Galili, E. , Eshed, V. , Gopher, A. , Hershkovitz, A. (2005). Burial practices of the submerged pre-pottery Neolithic C site of Atlit-Yam, Northern Coast of Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 339, 1-19 Gitting, C. (2007). Eccentric or Enlightened? Unusual burial and commemoration in England, 1689-1823. Mortality, 12, (4), 321-349 Patterson, C. (2006). The place and practice in burial in Sophocles’ Athens. Helios, 33, 9-48 Redfern, R. (2008). New evidence for Iron Age secondary burial practice and bone modification from Gussage, All Saints and Maiden Castle (Dorset, England). Oxford Journal of Archeology, 27, (3), 281-301 West, D. , Leferve, C. , Corbett, D. , Crockford, S. (2003). A burial cave in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Artic Anthropology, 40, (1), 70 How to cite Burial Practices Throughout the Ages, Papers

Lean Production at Portakabin-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report on Lean Production at Portakabin. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to compile information about lean production at portakabin. It covers the meaning of lean production and how it is used at portakabin to bring about quality output reduction of wastage in production. Lean production involves production at the minimum possible expenditure. Portakabin uses this type of production aiming at the minimization of resources and maximization of profits. The report also tackles the just-in-time production approach that is used at portakabin. This approach involves provision resources at the most convenient time (Ericsson, 2016). When resources are acquired and stored beforehand and stored, they stand a big chance of being wasted. This may include spoilage, breakage or even becoming non-functional if the customers specifications change with time. Again, the report emphasizes on the impacts of lean production at portakabin in matters concerning the speed of work shown by the time between the placement of the customers order and the time of the completion of the work. This report also explores the waste reduction methods used at portakabin such as recycling, reusing among other methods. This report also looks at the outcomes that portakabin has experienced as a result of the use of lean production. This includes quick and quality production among other benefits that set portakabin as an example that other organizations have the zeal to copy. This report also looks at the achievements that portakabin has gotten as a result of the use of lean production like the Lilliput childrens centre that show the competence and quality of production associated with it since to come up with such a centre tough requirements need to be met. Generally, this report is aimed at exploring the effectiveness and success of portakabin as a result of the use of lean production. Findings The meaning of lean production Lean production refers to a method of production that aims at the reduction of the resources used. It aims at the minimization of costs and maximization of profits and the production of high-quality materials from the least amount of resources. It is a management approach that aims at cutting out cost while ensuring quality. This production approach can be applied in almost all business ranging from design, production to even distribution. This approach focuses on reducing costs by making the business more efficient and responsive to all market needs. This approach achieves cutting out cost by minimizing the activities that do not add value to the production process. These activities include and are not limited to the holding of stock, repairing of the faulty products and the unnecessary movement of both people and products within the business (Jeon, 2017). This approach started in Japan but has now spread well in large and sophisticated manufacturing plants. This is also the product ion approach used in Portakabin. In this case, it is applied to ensure that the least amount of resources are used at each stage of production and reduce defects so that the production output is as required and give better value to customers. Two ways in which lean production at Portakabin leads to efficient use of resources Having quality management system. Having a quality management system is one thing that every organization will need to do. It is an imperative factor towards the achievement of the set business goals. The management system will always dictate how efficiently and to what extent business policies are implemented. This system will always be responsible for the smooth running of any organization may it be large or sophisticated; in any stage of growth (Chakrapoler, 2016). It is clear from the beginning that Portakabin uses the lean approach of production that aims at waste reduction and provision of the best services or commodities to the clients. Having quality management system is one of the reasons for efficient use of resources in Portakabin. The aim of this quality management system at Portakabin is to ensure that customers are given the quality that they desire. This includes a safer learning environment or a more inspiring office. In this case of Portakabin, high quality is promoted by the process called kaizen which means continuous improvement. This quality achievement is usually gotten through small and regular steps rather than in one big step. Kaizen enables individuals in all the levels of the organization to contribute in the process of improvement. Thisis achieved by asking everyone at any level of the organization to make a suggestion forimprovement. This has an implication that the improvement that takes place is not as a result of decisions from the managerial crew but from all the individuals in each stage of production. This makes the best use of resources in Portakabin. This is because informed decisions are made to ensure that what is arrived at leads to quality improvement and maximum utilization of the available resources (Hamlik, 2017). Portakabin gets new ideas from employees at every production stage. These are quality ideas on how best the quality provision can be improved to other levels and achieve the quality that the customers desire. For instance, decisions include how best to manage the stock. This is one of the major decisions that can affect a business either positively or negatively. An individual in any stage of production can be requested to give such a decision. The decision is usually arrived after much consideration and hence in such a way the organization provides the quality and the taste that is deemed to be the best for customers. The biggest advantage of the quality organization in Portakabin is the provision of very quality services by the use of the available resources effectively. Everyone, in spite of their placement, works to give the expected value to customers. It is a bit astonishing that in Portakabin there are little or no resources squandered and this is because of its culture in its management that the least of a resource should be used as much as possible (Kulkarini, 2016). This has worked well to eliminate unnecessary spending and usage that can lead to waste and this is the biggest achiever of effectiveness in resources usage. The use of just-in-time production. Just-in-time production refers to a production approach which focuses on the reduction of the holding of stock. It is the best-known method of resource utilization and it is employed in Portakabin production processes. In this case, finished products, raw materials and work in progress are kept to a minimum while the stocks are only produced when required (Maguire, 2016). This is actually the best way to make sure that resources are effectively used. In this case, only what is required in a particular production stage is produced. This leads to the minimization of waste because stocks are not held and thus there are few chances of them getting spoilt. The holding of stock may affect resource utilization in a number of ways. For instance, if stocks are stored, there would be the costs incurred in the paying of storage facilities. These facilities may include warehouses. In lean production, only what is needed at a particular stage of production is provided rather than buying raw materials and storing those incurring additional charges. This leads to maximum resource utilization. Another importance of not holding the stock is ensuring that cash is not tied in stored stocks but rather allowing working capital to be used more efficiently. Moreover, it eliminates rework in the case of defects of stored stock or change of customer specification. A good example of how resources are effectively used is the reduction of wastage where very little or no resources go to waste. This is ensured by two main ways. To begin with, waste is cut out from the manufacturing system. For instance, steel beams are supplied to Portakabin when already cut and boards used for floors in Portakabin are pre-sized. This implies that there is no trimming required hence effectiveness in resource utilization. Secondly, Portakabin employs the policy of recycling of resources to minimize chances of wastage (Pericot, 2017). This ensures that there is no a resource that goes into waste. In Portakabin, 65% of waste generated in off-site manufacturing is recycled. Portakabin staff is trained on ways of recycling and has set up waste management teams. This ensures that the resources are effectively utilized. How just-in-time production would operate in establishing and assembling a new Lilliput children's center Just-in-production refers to a production approach where resources are supplied on demand. It focuses on the reduction of unnecessary expenditure due to the holding of stocks. In Portakabin, this approach is applied to ensure that whatever is needed at a particular production stage is only what is provided. This ensures that unnecessary losses do not occur in the event of spoilage of stocks in storage or abrupt change of customer specification. It is aimed at reducing flow times within production system as well as the response times from suppliers to customers (Baron, 2017). It is actually a flow on demand methodology that simply has the implications that only what is needed is provided at a particular time. On the other hand, Lilliput childrens center is an institution that aims at teaching children mostly through playing and examples and it follows a foundation stage curriculum that develops all key areas of language, literacy, and mathematics with a strong focus on individual development (Ericsson, 2016). These centers meet tough safety and care standard that is meant to protect the children. This means that their creation needs to meet some set specifications and standards for them to be in a position to be children centers. Thus just-in-time production can operate in a number of ways to establish a new Lilliput children's center. To begin with, a children center would be required to provide a resource for the whole community. This calls for a production methodology that actually leads to a better resource utilization which definitely is JIT production. In this case, resources that are neededin any stage of establishment of these centers would be supplied at the time they are needed. Due to the fact that this is a center that would involve children training, it is evident that there will be the construction of buildings. JIT production will now make efficient utilization of resources in the construction by letting resources flow on demand. A characteristic feature of these centers is that they can be built in half the time they could be built using the traditional methodology. This means that quality production approach is required. JIT production, due to minimization of wastage and storage is one of the quality approaches in production (Ding, 2015). Resources can be supplied on demand and this would result to a quick but a quality process. Since JIT production aims at reducing flow times as well as response time from suppliers to consumers, it can actually qualify to be the best approach in making a new Lilliput children's center. In this scenario, it is used to reduce the time lag from the onset of construction to the completion. JIT approach is the production of commodities to meet the customer demand exactly in the aspect of time, quantity, and even the quality. It, in fact, means production without waste. One distinct feature of Lilliput children's center is that they should be established to meet certain qualities. JIT production would, therefore, be used in giving the prescribed quality (Thapa, 2016). The focus of JIT production as mentioned earlier is actually to give the desired quality. Therefore, it can be employed to provide the required services to reach the set specifications. In Lilliput children's center, there are multifunctional rooms that can be used for training, cooking among other functions. JIT sole objective is to minimize waste while ensuring quality. This is a good evidence of application of the JIT, one of the reasons being that most of the rooms are multifunctional and thus there is no wastage due to the construction of individual rooms that would at times not be used. JIT methodology would be used in this case to provide this approach that the minimum resources be used to avoid wastage. Again, in the construction process, material required would just be supplied on demand to ensure that no wastage occurs (Jeong, 2017). As a matter of fact, the best approach that would operate to establish and assemble a new Lilliput childrens center is just-in-time production so as to avoid resource wastage at the same time giving the best quality outcome. How waste reduction methods would be applied in Portakabin would be applied to another organization Portakabin uses lean production approach to ensure that there is no wastage of resources. It ensures that resources are supplied on demand and that there is 65% recycling of waste products. It uses a number of ways to ensure that there is little or no waste of materials. Since it deals with manufacturing and construction, it importantly takes into consideration that specifications can change anytime and thus there is need to supply resources at the most convenient time. The dv8 leather is a leather company in Australia that deals with the production and sale of leather vests, bikers, jackets, and belts (Apliob, 2016). This company, of course, can use waste reduction methods employed in Portakabin in a number of ways: One of this ways is clever designs of the modules. This means the use of standard widths and lengths. It is aimed at minimizing the cuttings to fit. When skin is converted to leather and ready for product-making, the initial cutting should be a standard measure. The measurement should be predetermined and should not just be cut to anything close to the accurate figure for future resizing. They should be exactly cut to ensure that there is no trimming in the later stages of production. With this approach, there is less wastage and very little chances of availability of small unusable pieces. Waste reduction can also be done through re-use of materials. In Portakabin, for instance, the door and window shapes that are cut out from insulated wall panels are used for floor insulation. In the same manner, a material designed to give the shape of a leather vest in dv8 should be reused again and again. It should not be a case where that material is used only once and disposed off. Since there are no possibilities of decay of such materials, they should be reused as much as possible to avoid wastage. Additionally, waste can be reduced by Changing the material used. In Portakabin, for example, a new type of insulating foam has reduced material use up to 10%. This implies that dv8 company should explore alternatives to materials used to shape the vests so that they can arrive at one in which less material is required. It is very important because all the products are made from raw materials. Having a type of raw material that needs to be used in low quantity and give the same quality output is a big boost to the company's economy. Training the staff about recycling can also reduce waste. Recycling is one of the ways in which material wastage is prevented. Whenever a material is recycled, money that could have been used to buy another material is saved. In Portakabin, the management usually trains the staff on the ways of recycling materials and of course, this has been a success since they have managed to recycle materials up to 65%. This is of course one of its major achievements. In the same manner, Dv8 Company should be in a position to train its staff on how used leather can be rendered useful again by recycling. By so doing there would be little or no wastage in their organization. Setting up waste management teams is also a mitigation way to reduce waste. In Portakabin, for example, there are waste management teams that are made up of a production manager and waste contractor. There is also a permanent trainer who works for the company and the employees are given fresher courses that update them on the new ideas (Bissel, 2015). This is an excellent factor towards the reduction of waste. Dv8 leather can in such a manner set up waste management teams that actually work for the company in the zeal of reducing wastage. They can also employ a permanent trainer, like Portakabin, who will give fresher courses to the employees that are aimed at waste management. Recycling of pallets for transporting leather vests also reduces waste. Portakabin recycles all the pallets used to transport its products. Dv8 Company too can adopt this approach that will definitely help it reduce wastage. Pallets for transporting their vests to the market or the next stage of production should not be acquired new every time but instead, should be recycled. Whenever they are used, they should be returned back to the company, cleaned and used for packing again. In this case, there will be less wastage and thus the effective use of resources. The use of pre-sized material can also reduce waste. Portakabin acquires floor boards that are already sized from the factory. The beams they use are also pre-sized from the company. Thisactually ensures that there is no wastage (Schovoshsco, 2017). Dv8 leather can apply the same principle. The leather can be cut from the factory and be taken to the sewing stage when already in the required size. If this does not happen, then tailors will be trimming the leather leaving behind waste pieces. Therefore, in an attempt to reduce wastage as much as possible, the dv8 company should ensure that pre-sized leather is used. These are universal ways that can apply in any company and hence when adopted in dv8 waste is reduced to a great extent. The impacts on Portakabin for using lean production There are very many impacts that accrue to Portakabin for using lean production. This can be evidenced by the effectiveness that has been observed from portakabin as a result of producing at the minimum possible cost and waste by using lean production. This has been evident through effectiveness in service provision as well as timely production. To begin with, there is minimum resource wastage. Lean production has a policy of using the minimum amount of a resource and minimum possible wastage. One of the impacts is least cost of production and wastage. It has minimized wastage by a number of ways including recycling of materials as well as reusing among other ways. Portakabin has also used the policy of material only supplied in demand. This means that the only raw material needed at a particular production stage is only what is provided. Lean production has, therefore, enable Portakabin to reduce wastage. Materials for construction are sized exactly at the required sizes in the fact ory they are made before being taken to Portakabin hence there is no wastage. Another impact is being timely in production. This suggests that their time of project beginning and completion is shorter than how it would be without using this approach. It has been evident that the Lilliput children's center is built in half the time it could be built using the traditional methodology. This is, of course, a definite proof that lean production at Portakabin has to lead to quick production. Since one of the policies of lean production is no unnecessary transportation of materials and personnel within its environment, this reduces the time lag that would be used in the construction or manufacture of a particular production (Morgan, 2017). Lean production, therefore, has to lead to minimum time wastage, therefore, bringing about timely completion of projects. Quality service provision is also another impact. Portakabin has been known for the production of quality products. This has been proven by the ISO 9001 and the ISO 14001 certification. This has all been made possible by the methodology of lean production. To achieve this certification, organizations usually have to show their achievements to International standards Organizations and must beat the tough guidelines set by the awarding bodies. Another proof of quality service provision in Portakabin is the Lilliput childrens center which is designed to be child-focused. This shows that they meet tough safety and care standards that have been created to protect children. Reduction of the cost of production also results due to lean production. In Portakabin, the time between the placement of an order by the customer and that of the product being ready is significantly short. This implies that less amount of capital is used. This is actually because if the time is longer funds will be used daily at the time of order and time of the product is ready. This is the success as a result of lean production. Again, materials are supplied on demand. This means that there is no spoilage or defection of materials in the stores hence economical (Petro, 2016). Another reason for reduced cost of production is the use of pre-sized materials. Materials received for the building are already in the required sizes hence they won't be trimmed rendering some pieces useless which is uneconomical. Additionally, better health to the wider community is also another positive impact. The impact of the use of Lean Production in Portakabin has also been evidenced in the social benefits that have accrued to the wider community as well. For instance, there is improved health and safety. This is because the technologies they use are much safer than the traditional technologies. When the community gets better health services, this is as a result of improved use of lean production techniques. Again, there are fewer noises from Portakabin to the outside community as a result of lorry movements and other nuisance factors. This is, of course, one of the most positive impacts of the use of lean production technology in Portakabin. Portakabin has won the trust of its clients and become an organization that other firms are looking at and aiming to copy. This is a result of lean production. Portakabin must have won the trust of their customers due to the quality services they render. Their clients must have acquired trust because they get products of the best quality from the organization and also get them conveniently. If a consumer is sure that he or she will get a high quality service, trust is gained and this improves the sales. Moreover, Portakabin has been an organization that meets the expectations of the customers. It also produces quality products to the world market and hence almost all the other companies are using this organization as a base company to weigh their standards (Keith, 2014). This means that other companies are using this company to test their performance and are borrowing most approaches from this company. Undisputedly, portakabin has experienced a positive impact as a result of the practice of using the least resources possible and at the minimum cost to produce. As a business scholar I would suggest that the other organizations adopt this production approach to gain the best and deliver the best services. I would also suggest that this approach of production is adjusted necessarily to to be used in all the other fields and the other types of productions. Again, I would suggest that portakabin also conducts sensitization and educate other organizations on how they can utilize this production approach to produce at the minimum cost possible. Conclusion Lean production is production at the minimum possible cost and aims at the least possible wastage. Portakabin uses this approach to ensure that the best output is reaped. The acquisition of this approach has enabled portakabin to get the best performance and meet tough standard requirements. Portakabin also employs just-in-time product as an approach towards lean production. This involves the provision of the required resources at the highly required time so as to minimize wastage. It is advisable that wastage is minimized at all cost. This is because materials that remain after trimming are useless and cannot easily be used. When these small cuttings are combined, they form a big material that would have been used as a raw material for production. Portakabin is an organization that produces at the minimum possible costs and makes the least or no wastage. I would therefore highly recommend this approach to all the other organizations. 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